The Effects of Body Language and Affilaitive Motivation on Social Tuning and Likeability

Past research shows that affiliative motivation predicts the likelihood of social tuning. The current experiment examines whether affiliative motivation and body language influence social tuning. Eighty-three participants were led to believe they would interact with their partner for 5 or 30 minutes (affiliative motivation manipulation). Participants also saw a photo of their “partner”. This photo either showed open or closed body language (body language manipulation). Results show a main effect of body language on likeability such that participants rated their ostensible partner as more likeable when displaying closed body language. Thus the findings are contrary to previous research stating that open body language is seen as more likeable

Digitaalinen hyvinvointi perheissä : Suomi hyvin käytetyn ajan mallimaaksi

Digitalisaatiossa Suomi on ollut muutoksen kärjessä, mutta sen vaikutuksista arkeen ja hyvinvointiin tiedetään vielä vähän. Käytössä olevat kansalliset mittarit eivät tuota tietoa digitaalisten medioiden vaikutuksista hyvinvointiin. Digitaalinen hyvinvointi perheissä -hanke on koonnut systemaattisen tutkimuskatsauksen digitaalisten medioiden vaikutuksista perhesuhteissa ja tuottanut uutta tietoa digitaalisesta yhteydenpidosta Suomessa. Tutkimukset osoit-tavat, että ajankäyttö ja sosiaaliset suhteet ovat 2010-luvulla kokeneet murroksen. Digitaaliset mediat ovat helpotta-neet kommunikointia, mutta samalla luoneet haasteita läheissuhteisiin. Lisäksi on viitteitä siitä, että digitalisaation haitat ja hyödyt kasautuvat perheiden eriarvoisuutta lisäävästi. Hankkeessa tuotettiin materiaalia yksilöille ja kasvattajille tasapainoisen media-arjen tueksi sekä laadittiin Digihyvin-voinnin tiekartta Suomelle yhdessä laajan sidosryhmän kanssa. Tiekartassa ehdotetaan 17 ratkaisua digitaalisen hyvinvoinnin haasteisiin politiikassa, yhteisöissä, palveluissa ja teknologia-alalla. Tuotetut materiaalit juurruttavat tutkimusnäyttöön perustuvia suosituksia kansalaisten ja alan asiantuntijoiden keskuudessa. Tutkimuksen ja tiekarttatyöskentelyn perusteella hanketoimijat suosittelevat, että Suomeen perustetaan elin, jonka tehtävä olisi edistää tutkimusta ja ymmärrystä kansalaisten digitaalisesta hyvinvoinnista sekä teknologia-alan sosiaa-lista vastuullisuutta.Tämä julkaisu on toteutettu osana valtioneuvoston selvitys- ja tutkimussuunnitelman toimeenpanoa. (tietokayttoon.fi) Julkaisun sisällöstä vastaavat tiedon tuottajat, eikä tekstisisältö välttämättä edusta valtioneuvoston näkemystä

Identification of regulatory variants associated with genetic susceptibility to meningococcal disease.

Non-coding genetic variants play an important role in driving susceptibility to complex diseases but their characterization remains challenging. Here, we employed a novel approach to interrogate the genetic risk of such polymorphisms in a more systematic way by targeting specific regulatory regions relevant for the phenotype studied. We applied this method to meningococcal disease susceptibility, using the DNA binding pattern of RELA - a NF-kB subunit, master regulator of the response to infection - under bacterial stimuli in nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. We designed a custom panel to cover these RELA binding sites and used it for targeted sequencing in cases and controls. Variant calling and association analysis were performed followed by validation of candidate polymorphisms by genotyping in three independent cohorts. We identified two new polymorphisms, rs4823231 and rs11913168, showing signs of association with meningococcal disease susceptibility. In addition, using our genomic data as well as publicly available resources, we found evidences for these SNPs to have potential regulatory effects on ATXN10 and LIF genes respectively. The variants and related candidate genes are relevant for infectious diseases and may have important contribution for meningococcal disease pathology. Finally, we described a novel genetic association approach that could be applied to other phenotypes

Peri-operative red blood cell transfusion in neonates and infants: NEonate and Children audiT of Anaesthesia pRactice IN Europe: A prospective European multicentre observational study

BACKGROUND: Little is known about current clinical practice concerning peri-operative red blood cell transfusion in neonates and small infants. Guidelines suggest transfusions based on haemoglobin thresholds ranging from 8.5 to 12 g dl-1, distinguishing between children from birth to day 7 (week 1), from day 8 to day 14 (week 2) or from day 15 (≥week 3) onwards. OBJECTIVE: To observe peri-operative red blood cell transfusion practice according to guidelines in relation to patient outcome. DESIGN: A multicentre observational study. SETTING: The NEonate-Children sTudy of Anaesthesia pRactice IN Europe (NECTARINE) trial recruited patients up to 60 weeks' postmenstrual age undergoing anaesthesia for surgical or diagnostic procedures from 165 centres in 31 European countries between March 2016 and January 2017. PATIENTS: The data included 5609 patients undergoing 6542 procedures. Inclusion criteria was a peri-operative red blood cell transfusion. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary endpoint was the haemoglobin level triggering a transfusion for neonates in week 1, week 2 and week 3. Secondary endpoints were transfusion volumes, 'delta haemoglobin' (preprocedure - transfusion-triggering) and 30-day and 90-day morbidity and mortality. RESULTS: Peri-operative red blood cell transfusions were recorded during 447 procedures (6.9%). The median haemoglobin levels triggering a transfusion were 9.6 [IQR 8.7 to 10.9] g dl-1 for neonates in week 1, 9.6 [7.7 to 10.4] g dl-1 in week 2 and 8.0 [7.3 to 9.0] g dl-1 in week 3. The median transfusion volume was 17.1 [11.1 to 26.4] ml kg-1 with a median delta haemoglobin of 1.8 [0.0 to 3.6] g dl-1. Thirty-day morbidity was 47.8% with an overall mortality of 11.3%. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate lower transfusion-triggering haemoglobin thresholds in clinical practice than suggested by current guidelines. The high morbidity and mortality of this NECTARINE sub-cohort calls for investigative action and evidence-based guidelines addressing peri-operative red blood cell transfusions strategies. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT02350348

Plasma lipid profiles discriminate bacterial from viral infection in febrile children

Fever is the most common reason that children present to Emergency Departments. Clinical signs and symptoms suggestive of bacterial infection are often non-specific, and there is no definitive test for the accurate diagnosis of infection. The 'omics' approaches to identifying biomarkers from the host-response to bacterial infection are promising. In this study, lipidomic analysis was carried out with plasma samples obtained from febrile children with confirmed bacterial infection (n = 20) and confirmed viral infection (n = 20). We show for the first time that bacterial and viral infection produces distinct profile in the host lipidome. Some species of glycerophosphoinositol, sphingomyelin, lysophosphatidylcholine and cholesterol sulfate were higher in the confirmed virus infected group, while some species of fatty acids, glycerophosphocholine, glycerophosphoserine, lactosylceramide and bilirubin were lower in the confirmed virus infected group when compared with confirmed bacterial infected group. A combination of three lipids achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.911 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.98). This pilot study demonstrates the potential of metabolic biomarkers to assist clinicians in distinguishing bacterial from viral infection in febrile children, to facilitate effective clinical management and to the limit inappropriate use of antibiotics

Plasma lipid profiles discriminate bacterial from viral infection in febrile children

Fever is the most common reason that children present to Emergency Departments. Clinical signs and symptoms suggestive of bacterial infection ar

Special Bulletin #11: Guide to Copy Photography for Visual Resources Professionals

It is not uncommon for visual resources management to involve some photographic production. If these production needs are substantial, the services of a professional photographer may be required. However, where needs are modest, photography may be done by anyone prepared to carry out the task. It is intended that this publication be a guide for equipment and supply purchases, and production procedures for visual resources professionals who do not have access to the services of a professional photographer, or who are themselves not trained photographers. This manual is designed to provide all the information a visual resources professional needs to set up and operate a copystand, and to make photo-reproductions from two-and three-dimensional originals. Not intended as a technical or darkroom manual, this guide emphasizes bare-bones, simple how-to skills

Routine Postsurgical Anesthesia Visit to Improve 30-day Morbidity and Mortality: A Multicenter, Stepped-wedge Cluster Randomized Interventional Study (The TRACE Study)

Objective: To study the impact of a standardized postoperative anesthesia visit on 30-day mortality in medium to high-risk elective surgical patients. Background: Postoperative complications are the leading cause of perioperative morbidity and mortality. Although modified early warning scores (MEWS) were instituted to monitor vital functions and improve postoperative outcome, we hypothesized that complementary anesthesia expertise is needed to adequately identify early deterioration. Methods: In a prospective, multicenter, stepped-wedge cluster randomized interventional study in 9 academic and nonacademic hospitals in the Netherlands, we studied the impact of adding standardized postoperative anesthesia visits on day 1 and 3 to routine use of MEWS in 5473 patients undergoing elective noncardiac surgery. Primary outcome was 30-day mortality. Secondary outcomes included: incidence of postoperative complications, length of hospital stay, and intensive care unit admission. Results: Patients were enrolled between October 2016 and August 2018. Informed consent was obtained from 5473 patients of which 5190 were eligible for statistical analyses, 2490 in the control and 2700 in the intervention group. Thirty-day mortality was 0.56% (n = 14) in the control and 0.44% (n = 12) in the intervention group (odds ratio 0.74, 95% Confidence interval 0.34-1.62). Incidence of postoperative complications did not differ between groups except for renal complications which was higher in the control group (1.7% (n = 41) vs 1.0% (n = 27), P = 0.014). Median length of hospital stay did not differ significantly between groups. During the postanesthesia visits, for 16% (n = 437) and 11% (n = 293) of patients recommendations were given on day 1 and 3, respectively, of which 67% (n = 293) and 69% (n = 202) were followed up. Conclusions: The combination of MEWS and a postoperative anesthesia visit did not reduce 30-day mortality. Whether a postoperative anesthesia visit with strong adherence to the recommendations provided and in a high-risk population might have a stronger impact on postoperative mortality remains to be determined. Trial Registration: Netherlands Trial Registration, NTR5506/ NL5249, https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/5249